Vaccines A More Influential Achievement Than The...

If you were to question any public health professional as to what the greatest biomedical achievement of the last century was, they would likely struggle to find a more influential achievement than the development of vaccines. The struggling breaths of whooping cough, the horrendous birth defects caused by rubella, and the clunky braces used by children paralyzed by polio, all are only thought of as occurrences of the past by many Americans. Many find it hard to believe that less than a century ago; the infant mortality rate was a massive 20 percent (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). Fortunately, many of these devastating diseases have been eradicated because of the development and widespread use of vaccines. The history of vaccines is, however, very complex. The growth widespread use of vaccines requires a balance of scientific ingenuity and social acceptance. Vaccines historically have, and continue to, cause strong scientific, social, and cultural reactions. The concept of vaccines, b asically exposure to a disease to trick the body into forming immunity, has been controversial from its beginnings. The history of vaccines began in 1796 with Edward Jenner, a doctor from England, who performed the first immunization (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). Edward Jenner showed that a certain level of immunity could be accomplished by dosing patients with cowpox, which is a close relative of smallpox (Alexandra, Markel, 2005). He then tried, without success, to infect that sameShow MoreRelatedNovartis International Ag - Company Profile3015 Words   |  13 Pagesresearch for a multimillion-dollar investment. Novartis was created in 1996 from the merger of two Swiss-based chemical/life sciences giants; Ciba-Geigy and Sandoz Laboratories. Novartis is comprised of four business divisions: pharmaceuticals, vaccines and diagnostics, Sandoz Generics, and consumer health. 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